Suggested Certification for ABAP

SAP Certified Development Associate
Recommended Book 1 for ABAP

Recommended Book 1 for ABAP

★★★★☆
Check Amazon for current price
View Deal
On Amazon
Recommended Book 2 for ABAP

Recommended Book 2 for ABAP

★★★★☆
Check Amazon for current price
View Deal
On Amazon
Recommended Book 3 for ABAP

Recommended Book 3 for ABAP

★★★★☆
Check Amazon for current price
View Deal
On Amazon
Recommended Book 4 for ABAP

Recommended Book 4 for ABAP

★★★★☆
Check Amazon for current price
View Deal
On Amazon
Recommended Book 5 for ABAP

Recommended Book 5 for ABAP

★★★★☆
Check Amazon for current price
View Deal
On Amazon

Note: *Check out these useful books! As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

Interview Questions and Answers

CDS (Core Data Services) Views are a powerful way to define and expose data models in SAP ABAP. They allow developers to create reusable, semantic data models that can be accessed from ABAP programs and other SAP applications. They offer features such as associations, calculations, and annotations.

ABAP Objects is SAP's implementation of object-oriented programming in ABAP. It allows developers to create classes, objects, and interfaces, promoting code reusability and modularity.

Different types of internal tables include: STANDARD TABLE (no key or sorted key, uses index access), SORTED TABLE (data is sorted by the key), and HASHED TABLE (data is stored using a hash algorithm for fast access).

Implicit enhancement options are predefined enhancement points within SAP standard code that are available for adding custom code without explicitly declaring them. Explicit enhancement options are specifically defined enhancement points using the ENHANCEMENT-POINT statement.

User exits and customer exits are specific types of enhancement options that allow customers to add custom code to standard SAP programs at predefined locations. Customer exits are older and more limited than user exits.

The SAP Enhancement Framework provides tools and techniques for modifying and extending SAP standard functionality without directly modifying the standard code. It allows customers to implement custom logic in specific enhancement points.

Debugging is the process of identifying and correcting errors in ABAP code. ABAP provides a debugger that allows you to step through code, inspect variable values, and set breakpoints.

ALV (ABAP List Viewer) is a set of function modules that provide a standard way to display data in lists and tables within SAP applications. It offers features such as sorting, filtering, and aggregation.

Function modules are stored and managed in the SAP Function Library and can be called remotely (RFC-enabled). Subroutines are defined and called within the same program.

Function modules are reusable blocks of ABAP code that perform specific tasks. They can be called from other ABAP programs, function groups, or BAPIs. They promote modularity and code reusability.

BAPIs (Business Application Programming Interfaces) are standardized interfaces provided by SAP for accessing business objects and processes. They enable integration between SAP systems and external applications.

Data is updated using `MODIFY`, `UPDATE`, or `INSERT` statements. `MODIFY` updates existing records or inserts new records if they don't exist. `UPDATE` updates existing records that match specified criteria. `INSERT` inserts new records into the database. Always consider proper locking mechanisms when modifying database records.

`SELECT SINGLE` retrieves only one row from the database that matches the specified criteria and terminates execution after the first row is found. `SELECT ... ENDSELECT` retrieves multiple rows and iterates through each matching row within the `SELECT` block. `SELECT SINGLE` is generally more efficient for retrieving single records.

Database reads are performed using `SELECT` statements. These statements retrieve data from database tables based on specified conditions and store it in internal tables or variables. Example: `SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE lt_mara WHERE matnr = '12345'.`

Internal tables are used to store and process data within ABAP programs. They act as temporary storage areas for data retrieved from the database or generated during program execution. They are defined with header lines or without (using TYPE STANDARD TABLE).

Variables are declared using the `DATA` statement, specifying the variable name, data type, and length. For example: `DATA: lv_name TYPE string.`

The SAP Data Dictionary is a central repository for defining and managing data elements, structures, tables, and views used in ABAP programs. Its purpose is to ensure data consistency, integrity, and reusability across the SAP system.

Common types of ABAP programs include: Executable programs (Reports), Module Pool programs (Dialog Programs), Function Modules, Include programs, Class Pools, and Interface Pools.

Key features include: Data Dictionary for managing data definitions; integrated database access; support for object-oriented programming; built-in reporting capabilities; integration with SAP modules; and runtime environment for executing ABAP programs.

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming, originally Allgemeiner Berichts-Aufbereitungs-Prozessor, German for \"general report creation processor\") is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP SE.  It is extracte

A table will store data physically and permanently. Tables have primary keys and primary and secondary indexes. They also have technical settings (data class, size category, etc), maintenance attributes (Display maintenance restrictions).

Structu

SAP System landscape is the group of systems you have installed, all the systems are linked to different transport routs to main system, system landscape can vary from company to company.

3 relates to three tier application architecture - Data base, Application Server and Client. Most of the business in today's world runs on SAP R/3 system.

1. When reading data from database table, never use SELECT *, always use select with list of fields.

2. Always specify key fields in where conditions of SELECT statements.

3. When using non-key fields in where conditions, in that case cre

Smart form is a GUI Tool which is used to design the business legal documents such as Delivery note, Purchase order, Invoice etc.

Classical Reports are reports which contain both selection-screen and output screen.

The SELECT WITH JOINS statement is used for reading data from multiple database tables simultaneously. SELECT WITH JOINS is not recommended as performance criteria for more than 3 tables, because it imposes a heavy load on the database.

APPEND inserts the data after the last line of the internal table. Insert is a statement which is used to insert a record at a specified position of an internal table from work area.

Function Group is a set of function modules which share global data among themselves. If there is a CALL FUNCTION statement in an ABAP/4 program, the system loads the entire function group with the program code at run time.

ALV (ABAP L

System Analysis is a method in which facts are gathered and interpreted, problems are defined and a system is decomposed into it's components. Design emphasizes a conceptual solution that fulfills the requirements, rather than it's implementation. Systems

The steps of the design process include: Identify the need, Research. Brainstorm. Develop possible solutions. Construct a prototype. Test and evaluate. Revisions. Completion.

State- This is a value on an objects attribute at a given time.

Behavior- This defines the behavior of the object, and their reactions.

Identity- An object has an identity characterizing it's very life. The identification al

They are abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

An interaction model is a design model that ties an application together in such a way as to benefit it's target users conceptual models. This determines how all the artifacts and behavior that are part of an application interrelate in ways that represent

Aggregation means a relationship where the child can exist independently of the parent. Composition insinuates a relationship where the child can not exist independently of the parent.

Relate with a project you have done.

The data structure is a data collection, management and storage system that allows for easy access and alteration. More specifically, the data structure is the set of data values, the relationship between them and the functions or operations that can be a

In a linear data structure, the data elements are organized in a linear order where every element is connected to it's previous and next adjacent elements. For a non-linear data structure, the data elements are hierarchically connected.

Traversing - access each data item exactly once; Searching - is used to find the location of one or more data items that fulfill the condition; Inserting - is add new data items to the given list of data items; Deleting -  is to remove a particular data i

Algorithm - is a procedure for solving a problem, based on conducting a sequence of specified actions. A computer program can be viewed as an elaborate algorithm.

Greedy Algorithms - is algorithm that follows the problem-solving heuristic

The most fundamental types of algorithm are: Recursive Algorithms, Dynamic programming algorithm, Backtracking algorithm, Divide and Conquer Algorithm, Greedy Algorithm, Brute Force Algorithm.

Recursion is a method used to allow a function call it'self. This technique offers a way to break down complicated problems into simple problems that are easier to solve.

Explain specific instances with respect to the job JD.

Model–view–controller(MVC) is a software design pattern used for developing user interfaces that separate the related program logic into three interconnected elements. Each of these components is built to handle specific development aspects of an applicat

Explain specific instances with respect to the job JD

(1) Choose the Right Technology when picking up a programming language, Database, Communication Channel.

(2) The ability to run multiple servers and databases as a distributed application over multiple time zones.

(3)Database backup, correct

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of \"objects\", which can contain data, in the form of fields, and code, in the form of procedures. A feature of objects is that objects' own procedures can access and often modif

Most modern development processes can be described as agile. Other methodologies include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development, and extreme programming.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used to design, develop and test high-quality software. Also referred to as the application development life-cycle.

Software testing is called the process or method of identifying errors in an application or system, such that the application works according to the requirement of end-users. It is an examination carried out to provide users the information on the quality

Explain specific instances with respect to the job JD.

A good software engineer is someone who is not only competent to write code but also competent to create, produce and ship useful software.

The primary aim of the code review is to ensure that the codebase overall product quality is maintained over time. It helps give a fresh set of eyes to identify bugs and simple coding errors. All of the tools and processes of code review are designed to

Use a phased life-cycle plan, Continuous validation, Maintain product control, Use the latest programming practices, Maintain clear accountability for results.

Software engineering always requires a fair amount of teamwork. The code needs to be understood by designers, developers, other coders, testers, team members and the entire IT team.

Schedule, Quality, Cost, Stakeholder Satisfaction, Performance

A software project manager determines the project specifications, builds the project team, draws up a blueprint for the whole project outlining the scope and criteria of the project, clearly communicates the project goals to the team; allocates budget, an

The most common software sizing methodology has been counting the lines of code written in the application source. Another approach is to do Functional Size Measurement, to express the functionality size as a number by performing Function point analysis.

The major parts to project estimation are effort estimation, cost estimation, resource estimate. In estimation, there are many methods used as best practices in project management such as-Analogous estimation, Parametric estimation, Delphi process, 3 Poi

software configuration management (SCM) is the task of tracking and controlling changes in the software code, part of the larger cross-disciplinary field of configuration management. Whereas change management deals with identification, impact analysis, do

Basecamp, Teamwork Projects, ProofHub, Zoho Projects, Nifty, Trello, JIRA, Asana, Podio, etc.

A feasibility study is a study that takes into account all of the related factors of a project — including economic, technological, legal, and scheduling considerations — to assess the probability of completing the project.

Functional requirements are the specifications explicitly requested by the end-user as essential facilities the system should provide. Non-functional requirements are the quality constraints that the system must satisfy according to the project contract,

Pseudocode is an informal high-level explanation of the operating principle of a computer program. It uses the structural conventions of a normal programming language but is intended for human reading rather than machine reading.

Validation is the process of checking whether the specification captures the user's needs, while verification is the process of checking that the software meets the specification.

Different Types Of Software Testing - Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Sanity Testing, Smoke Testing, Interface Testing, Regression Testing, Beta/Acceptance Testing.

Quality control can be described as part of quality management that is focused on fulfilling quality requirements. While quality assurance relates to how a process is performed or how a product is made.

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP), Open/Closed Principle (OCP), Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP), Interface Segregation Principle (ISP), Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP).