Bellgigs
Bridging Skills and Opportunities

Answer:

• Strong typing
• Modular programming (packages)
• Exception handling
• Concurrency (tasks)
• Generics (templates)
• Real-time support

Answer: Ada is a strongly typed, structured, and compiled language designed for safety-critical and real-time systems such as aerospace, defense, and transportation.

Example: Ada is used in systems like Boeing 787 avionics and Airbus flight control systems.

Answer: Packages are modular units that group related declarations and separate interface from implementation.

package Math_Utils is
   function Square(X : Integer) return Integer;
end Math_Utils;

package body Math_Utils is
   function Square(X : Integer) return Integer is
   begin
      return X * X;
   end Square;
end Math_Utils;

Answer: Ada is a strongly typed, structured, and compiled language designed for safety-critical and real-time systems such as aerospace, defense, and transportation.

Example: Ada is used in systems like Boeing 787 avionics and Airbus flight control systems.

Answer: Packages are modular units that group related declarations and separate interface from implementation.

package Math_Utils is
   function Square(X : Integer) return Integer;
end Math_Utils;

package body Math_Utils is
   function Square(X : Integer) return Integer is
   begin
      return X * X;
   end Square;
end Math_Utils;

Answer:

• Specification: Declares public interface (visible part).
• Body: Contains implementation (hidden part).

Answer: Ada supports:

• Scalar types: Integer, Float, Boolean, Character
• Composite types: Arrays, Records
• Access types: Pointers
• Derived types: Based on existing types

Answer: Ada enforces strict type checking, preventing mixing of unrelated types, improving safety and reliability.

type Meters is new Integer;
type Seconds is new Integer;

Speed : Integer := Meters(100) / Seconds(5);  -- OK
Speed := Meters(100) + Seconds(5);            -- Error!

Answer:

• := ? Assignment operator
• => ? Used for named associations and aggregates

X := 5;
Y := (Length => 10, Width => 20);

Answer:

• Constrained arrays: Have fixed bounds.
• Unconstrained arrays: Bounds specified later.

type Fixed_Array is array (1 .. 5) of Integer;
type Var_Array  is array (Positive range <>) of Integer;

Answer: Records group related data fields (similar to structs in C).

type Employee is record
   Name : String(1 .. 20);
   Age  : Integer;
end record;

Answer: Access types are Ada’s version of pointers, providing access to dynamically allocated data.

type Int_Ptr is access Integer;
P : Int_Ptr := new Integer(25);

Answer: Tasks represent concurrent threads that execute independently.

task Hello_Task is
end Hello_Task;

task body Hello_Task is
begin
   Put_Line(""Hello from Task!"");
end Hello_Task;

Answer: Protected objects ensure synchronized access to shared data between tasks.

protected Counter is
   procedure Increment;
   function Value return Integer;
private
   Count : Integer := 0;
end Counter;

begin
   X := Y / Z;
exception
   when Constraint_Error =>
      Put_Line(""Division by zero!"");
end;

Answer: Generics enable parameterized code for reusability.

generic
   type Item is private;
function Swap(A, B : Item) return Item;

Answer: A record type that includes a discriminant controlling its structure or constraints.

type Shape(Kind : Character) is record
   case Kind is
      when C => Radius : Float;
      when R => Length, Width : Float;
   end case;
end record;

Answer: A synchronization mechanism where one task calls another’s entry, and both synchronize to exchange data.

task Printer is
   entry Print_Line(Msg : String);
end Printer;

Answer: Ada provides:

• Deterministic task scheduling
• Protected objects
• Precise timing and delay control
• Static type checking

Answer:

• Task entries: Used for inter-task communication.
• Protected entries: Provide synchronized access to shared data.

Answer:

• GNAT (GNU Ada): Open-source Ada compiler
• AdaCore GPS: Professional IDE
• ObjectAda, Rational Apex: Commercial IDEs

Answer: