Suggested Certification for Cyber security

CEH: Certified Ethical Hacker, CISM: Certified Information Security Manager, CompTIA Security+, CISSP: Certified Information Systems Security Professional, CISA: Certified Information Security Auditor
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Interview Questions and Answers

Cloud security refers to the practices and technologies used to protect data, applications, and infrastructure stored in the cloud. Its important because organizations are increasingly migrating to the cloud, making them vulnerable to cloud-specific security threats such as misconfigurations, data breaches, and unauthorized access.

Social engineering is the art of manipulating people into divulging confidential information. To protect yourself, be skeptical of unsolicited requests, verify identities before sharing information, be wary of urgent requests, and never share sensitive information over unsecure channels.

Zero-day exploits are attacks that target previously unknown vulnerabilities in software or hardware. Because the vulnerability is unknown to the vendor, there is no patch available, making it particularly dangerous. Defenses include proactive security monitoring, behavioral analysis, and intrusion detection systems.

Penetration testing, also known as ethical hacking, is a simulated cyber attack on a computer system, network, or web application to identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors. It helps improve security by proactively identifying and addressing weaknesses before they can be exploited.

Cyber security roles include Security Analyst, Security Engineer, Security Architect, Penetration Tester, Incident Responder, Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), and Security Consultant, among others. Each role has specific responsibilities related to protecting systems and data.

Popular cyber security certifications include Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), CompTIA Security+, Certified Information Security Manager (CISM), and Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP).

You can start a career in cyber security by obtaining relevant education or certifications, gaining experience through internships or entry-level positions, networking with professionals in the field, and staying up-to-date on the latest security threats and technologies.

Legal considerations include complying with data privacy laws (GDPR, CCPA), intellectual property laws, and criminal laws related to hacking and data theft. Ethical considerations include respecting privacy, avoiding conflicts of interest, and acting responsibly when discovering vulnerabilities.

Incident response is the process of handling security incidents, such as data breaches or malware infections. It involves identifying the incident, containing the damage, eradicating the threat, recovering systems and data, and learning from the incident to prevent future occurrences. A well-defined incident response plan is crucial for minimizing the impact of security incidents.

Install and regularly update antivirus software, be cautious about clicking on links or opening attachments from unknown senders, keep your operating system and software up to date, use a firewall, and avoid visiting suspicious websites.

A security audit is a systematic evaluation of an organizations security policies, procedures, and controls to identify vulnerabilities and assess their effectiveness. Its important for ensuring that security measures are adequate and up-to-date, and for identifying areas that need improvement.

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. It acts as a barrier between your computer or network and the external world, blocking unauthorized access attempts and malicious traffic.

Encryption is the process of converting data into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using an algorithm (cipher). Only authorized parties with the correct decryption key can convert the ciphertext back into readable data (plaintext). This protects sensitive information from being accessed by unauthorized individuals, even if it is intercepted.

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates a secure, encrypted connection between your device and a remote server. This masks your IP address, encrypts your internet traffic, and allows you to bypass geo-restrictions. Its useful for protecting your privacy and security when using public Wi-Fi or accessing sensitive information online.

Strong passwords should be at least 12 characters long, include a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols, and avoid using personal information (names, birthdays, addresses). Use a password manager to generate and store unique, strong passwords for each of your accounts.

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of security to your accounts by requiring you to provide two or more authentication factors (e.g., password and a code from your phone) before granting access. This makes it much harder for attackers to compromise your accounts, even if they obtain your password.

Cyber security refers to the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and digital data from theft, damage, disruption, or unauthorized access. Its crucial because our lives and businesses increasingly rely on digital infrastructure, making us vulnerable to cyber threats that can have significant financial, reputational, and personal consequences.

Common cyber threats include malware (viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware), phishing, social engineering, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks, SQL injection, and zero-day exploits.

Malware is malicious software designed to harm a computer system or network. It can spread through infected files, email attachments, malicious websites, or compromised software. Once installed, it can steal data, disrupt operations, or encrypt files for ransom.

Phishing is a type of social engineering attack where attackers attempt to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information (usernames, passwords, credit card details) by disguising themselves as trustworthy entities. Avoid it by carefully examining emails for suspicious links, grammatical errors, and urgent requests, and never clicking on links or providing information unless you are certain of the senders authenticity.

Information Security Analyst will design and implement IT security systems to protect the organization's computer networks from cyber attacks. They will monitor computer networks for security issues, install security software and document all security iss

Anything that can exploit a vulnerability, intentionally or accidentally, and obtain, damage, or destroy an asset is threat.

Vulnerability is a weakness in your infrastructure, networks or applications that potentially exposes you to threats.

Substandard back-up and recovery.

- Weak authentication management.

- Poor network monitoring.

- End-user errors or misuses

Secure your firewall.

- Architect your firewall zones and IP addresses.

- Configure access control lists.

- Configure your other firewall services and logging.

- Test your firewall configuration.

- Firewall manageme

Exceptionally high system, disk, or network activity, particularly when the majority of programs are idle.

- Applications listening on weird network ports or activity on unusual network ports.

- Unexpected software or system processes are

Web servers should be updated and patched on a regular basis.

- Do not use the default settings.

- Securely store configuration files.

- Examine the web server's apps for any vulnerabilities.

- Use updated signatures in you

WEP cracking:- Cracking a wireless network is defeating the security of a wireless local-area network (back-jack wireless LAN). A commonly used wireless LAN is a Wi-Fi network. Wireless LANs have inherent security weaknesses from which wired networks are

Types of Security Testing:-

- Vulnerability Scanning: This is done by scanning a system against known vulnerability signatures using automated tools.

- Security Scanning entails discovering network and system flaws and then proposing reme

Encrypt your data.

- Backup your data.

- The cloud provides a viable backup option.

- Anti-malware protection is a must.

- Make your old computers' hard drives unreadable.

- Install operating system updates.

That is dependent on the antiviral policy in place. If a legitimate file is detected, it can be whitelisted. If the incident is confirmed to be positive and a malicious file is discovered in the system, it must be quarantined and deleted. Following the qu

Internet Layer. This layer, also known as the network layer, accepts and delivers packets for the network. It includes the powerful Internet protocol (IP), the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) protocol, and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) pr

: An action or rule that must be followed in order to support and comply with a policy. A standard should improve the meaning and effectiveness of a policy. One or more acceptable specifications must be included, which are often created in line with publi

The unauthorized transmission of data from within an organization to an external destination or recipient is known as data leakage. Data leakage concerns are most common through the internet and email, but they can also happen through mobile data storage

Prioritize data. Not all data is equally critical.

- Categorize the data.

- Understand when data is at risk.

- Monitor all data movement.

- Communicate and develop controls.

- Train employees and provide continuous

Journals. Forums, RSS feeds, Groups, Clubs etc.

Explain with examples that sync with the job description

Model–view–controller(MVC) is a software design pattern used for developing user interfaces that separate the related program logic into three interconnected elements. Each of these components is built to handle specific development aspects of an applicat

Explain specific instances with respect to the job JD

Most modern development processes can be described as agile. Other methodologies include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development, and extreme programming

A good software engineer is someone who is not only competent to write code but also competent to create, produce and ship useful software.

The most common software sizing methodology has been counting the lines of code written in the application source. Another approach is to do Functional Size Measurement, to express the functionality size as a number by performing Function point analysis.

The major parts to project estimation are effort estimation, cost estimation, resource estimate. In estimation, there are many methods used as best practices in project management such as-Analogous estimation, Parametric estimation, Delphi process, 3 Poin

Functional requirements are the specifications explicitly requested by the end-user as essential facilities the system should provide. Non-functional requirements are the quality constraints that the system must satisfy according to the project contract,

Quality control can be defined as a \"part of quality management concentrating on maintaining quality requirements.\" While quality assurance relates to how a process is carried out or how a product is produced, quality control is more the quality managem