Suggested Certification for Finance

Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) - cfainstitute.org

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Interview Questions and Answers

Behavioral finance studies how psychological factors influence financial decision-making.

Financial planning is the process of setting financial goals and developing a plan to achieve them.

The EMH states that asset prices fully reflect all available information, making it impossible to consistently outperform the market.

A bond is a debt instrument issued by a corporation or government. Bondholders lend money to the issuer and receive interest payments in return.

Diversification is the strategy of spreading investments across different asset classes to reduce risk.

Risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating financial risks, such as market risk, credit risk, and operational risk.

Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating potential investment projects to determine which ones are worth pursuing.

Common techniques include net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period.

The time value of money is the concept that money available at the present time is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity.

Debt financing involves borrowing money that must be repaid with interest. Equity financing involves selling ownership shares in a company in exchange for capital.

A stock represents ownership in a company. Stockholders are entitled to a portion of the companys earnings and assets.

It is important to recognise that this question is used by employers to test your self-awareness, and you should avoid making the mistake of badmouthing others. Talk about your qualities that apply to the job position. Naturally, if you do this properly, you would be a more attractive candidate than those who do not.

Financial statements show you where a company's money came from, where it went, and where it is now. There are four main financial statements. They are: Balance sheets; Income statements; Cash flow statements; and Statements of shareholders' equity.

Financial modeling is the process of creating a summary of a company's expenses and earnings in the form of a spreadsheet that can be used to measure the effect of a potential event or decision. A financial model has many uses for company executives.

Explain with examples that go with the job description.

Balance sheet or Income statement. A company's bottom line profit margin is the best single indicator of its financial health and long-term viability.

The key benefit of debt financing is that, unlike with equity financing, a company owner does not give up any ownership of the business.

Creditors look at a relatively low debt-to-equity ratio favourably, which benefits the company if additional debt funding has to be obtained in the future.

An item on the balance sheet arising from and overpayment or advance payment of taxes is a deferred tax asset. It is the opposite of a deferred tax liability, which represents income taxes owed.

The main sources of short-term financing are
- Trade credit,
- Commercial bank loans,
- Commercial paper,
- Specific type of promissory note,
- Secured loans.

Fixed Asset Statement which forms a part of the Balance Sheet.

Yes, the first example is involving unsustainable improvements in working capital (a company is selling off inventory and delaying payables), and another example involves a lack of revenues going forward in the pipeline.

Goodwill is an intangible asset associated with one company being acquired by another. In particular, goodwill is the percentage of the purchase price of all the properties acquired in the transaction and the liabilities assumed in the process that is greater than the amount of the net fair value.

As the cost of debt is finite and the company will not have any further obligations to the lender once the loan is fully repaid, for businesses that are stable and expected to perform well, debt is usually cheaper than equity.

The most common motives for mergers include the following:
- Value creation.
- Diversification.
- Acquisition of assets.
- Increase in financial capacity.
- Tax purposes.

Fixed Rate Bonds.
- Floating Rate Bonds.
- Zero Interest Rate Bonds.
- Inflation Linked Bonds.
- Perpetual Bonds.
- Subordinated Bonds.
- Bearer Bonds.
- War Bonds.

DuPont analysis is used to evaluate the component parts of a company's return on equity (ROE).

Unrealized holding gains or holding losses on investments that are classified as available for sale.
- Foreign currency translation gains or losses.
- Pension plan gains or losses.
- Pension prior service costs or credits.

Dividends on common stock are not reported on the income statement since they are not expenses.

Microsoft Excel because it is a widely used and a user-friendly tool.