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Interview Questions and Answers

Popular PHP frameworks include Laravel, Symfony, CodeIgniter, CakePHP, and Zend Framework.

Both `include` and `require` are used to include external files. The main difference is how they handle errors. `include` produces a warning and continues execution if the file is not found, while `require` produces a fatal error and stops execution.

OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which contain data in the form of fields (attributes or properties) and code in the form of procedures (methods). Key concepts include classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

Classes are defined using the `class` keyword followed by the class name and the class body enclosed in curly braces. The body contains properties and methods. Example: `class Person { public $name; }`

Traits are a mechanism for code reuse in single inheritance languages like PHP. A trait is similar to a class, but it can only contain methods; it cannot be instantiated on its own. Traits can be used to add methods to multiple classes.

Composer is a dependency management tool for PHP. It allows you to declare the libraries your project depends on and it will manage (install/update) them for you. It simplifies the process of using external libraries.

Form data is typically accessed using the `$_GET` (for GET method) or `$_POST` (for POST method) superglobal arrays. You should always sanitize and validate form data before processing it.

A session allows you to store information about a user across multiple pages on your website. Sessions are typically identified by a unique session ID stored in a cookie.

You can use functions like `mysqli_connect()` or `PDO` (PHP Data Objects) to connect to a database. `PDO` is generally preferred for its flexibility and security features.

PHP supports `for`, `while`, and `do-while` loops. You can also use `foreach` for iterating through arrays. Example: `for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { echo $i; }`

`==` is the equality operator, which compares values after type juggling (converting them to a common type). `===` is the identity operator, which compares both value and type without type juggling.

Functions are defined using the `function` keyword followed by the function name, parameters (optional), and the function body enclosed in curly braces. Example: `function greet($name) { echo Hello, . $name; }`

Superglobals are built-in variables that are always available regardless of scope. Examples include `$_GET`, `$_POST`, `$_SESSION`, `$_COOKIE`, `$_SERVER`, `$_FILES`, and `$_ENV`.

Variables in PHP are declared using the `$` sign followed by the variable name. For example: `$name = John;`

PHP provides arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %), assignment operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=), comparison operators (==, ===, !=, !==, >, <, >=, <=), increment/decrement operators (++, --), logical operators (&&, ||, !), string operators (.), and array operators.

You can use `if`, `else if`, and `else` statements to create conditional logic. Example: `if ($age >= 18) { echo Adult; } else { echo Minor; }`

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.

Key features include its simplicity, familiarity, open-source nature, efficiency, platform independence, database connectivity, object-oriented capabilities, and strong community support.

The installation process varies based on your operating system. For Windows, you can use XAMPP or WAMP. For Linux, you can use package managers like apt (Debian/Ubuntu) or yum (CentOS/RHEL). macOS often uses MAMP or Homebrew.

PHP supports various data types including integer, float (double), string, boolean, array, object, null, and resource.

PHP is a server side scripting language embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, and can even build entire e-commerce sites.

PHP is still one of the most popular languages.

Advantages:
- PHP is a free and open source programming language.
- It is platform independent. PHP-based programs can run on a variety of operating systems, including Unix, Linux, and Windows.
- Managing code is easy.
- Powerful libra

HTML AND PHP

HTML is a markup language AND PHP is a scripting language.

- HTML can be used to create only static web pages AND PHP can be used to create dynamic web pages.

- HTML is not a programming language but uses tags whic

PHP is a server side scripting language.

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Q: What is PEAR, Zend Engine 2, session, mail() function, Content Management Systems, and echo?

A: PEAR - PEAR means “PHP Extension and Application Repository.” It

Top PHP Frameworks For Web Development:
- Laravel.
- CodeIgniter.
- Symfony.
- Laminas Project.
- Yii.
- CakePHP.
- Slim.

Yes, PHP is a case sensitive language, for eg “VAR” is not the same as “var”.

Enable Remote MySQL.

PHP 8.0 comes with a lot of new features:

- Union Types.

- Named Arguments.

- Match Expressions.

- Attributes.

- Constructor Property Promotion.

- Nullsafe Operator.

- Weak Maps.

- Just In Time Comp

An array is created using an array() function in PHP. In PHP, there are three types of arrays: Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays.

The PHP $_COOKIE superglobal variable is used to retrieve a cookie value.

System Analysis is a method in which facts are gathered and interpreted, problems are defined and a system is decomposed into it's components. Design emphasizes a conceptual solution that fulfills the requirements, rather than it's implementation. System

The data structure is a data collection, management and storage system that allows for easy access and alteration. More specifically, the data structure is the set of data values, the relationship between them and the functions or operations that can be a

NA

NA

NA

In a linear data structure, the data elements are organized in a linear order where every element is connected to it's previous and next adjacent elements. For a non-linear data structure, the data elements are hierarchically connected

The most fundamental types of algorithm are: Recursive Algorithms, Dynamic programming algorithm, Backtracking algorithm, Divide and Conquer Algorithm, Greedy Algorithm, Brute Force Algorithm.

Recursion is a method used to allow a function call it'self. This technique offers a way to break down complicated problems into simple problems that are easier to solve.

NA

Explain specific instances with respect to the job JD.

Model–view–controller(MVC) is a software design pattern used for developing user interfaces that separate the related program logic into three interconnected elements. Each of these components is built to handle specific development aspects of an applicat

Explain specific instances with respect to the job JD.

(1) Choose the Right Technology when picking up a programming language, Database, Communication Channel.

(2) The ability to run multiple servers and databases as a distributed application over multiple time zones.

(3)Database backup, correcti

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of \"objects\", which can contain data, in the form of fields, and code, in the form of procedures. A feature of objects is that objects' own procedures can access and often modify

Most modern development processes can be described as agile. Other methodologies include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development, and extreme programming.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used to design, develop and test high-quality software. Also referred to as the application development life-cycle.

Software testing is called the process or method of identifying errors in an application or system, such that the application works according to the requirement of end-users. It is an examination carried out to provide users the information on the quality

The primary aim of the code review is to ensure that the codebase overall product quality is maintained over time. It helps give a fresh set of eyes to identify bugs and simple coding errors. All of the tools and processes of code review are designed to t

The most common software sizing methodology has been counting the lines of code written in the application source. Another approach is to do Functional Size Measurement, to express the functionality size as a number by performing Function point analysis.

The major parts to project estimation are effort estimation, cost estimation, resource estimate. In estimation, there are many methods used as best practices in project management such as-Analogous estimation, Parametric estimation, Delphi process, 3 Poin

Basecamp, Teamwork Projects, ProofHub, Zoho Projects, Nifty, Trello, JIRA, Asana, Podio, etc.

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Functional requirements are the specifications explicitly requested by the end-user as essential facilities the system should provide. Non-functional requirements are the quality constraints that the system must satisfy according to the project contract,

Pseudocode is an informal high-level explanation of the operating principle of a computer program. It uses the structural conventions of a normal programming language but is intended for human reading rather than machine reading.

Validation is the process of checking whether the specification captures the user's needs, while verification is the process of checking that the software meets the specification.

Different Types Of Software Testing - Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Sanity Testing, Smoke Testing, Interface Testing, Regression Testing, Beta/Acceptance Testing.

Quality control can be described as part of quality management that is focused on fulfilling quality requirements. While quality assurance relates to how a process is performed or how a product is made.

Single Responsibility Principle (SRP), Open/Closed Principle (OCP), Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP), Interface Segregation Principle (ISP), Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP).