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Interview Questions and Answers

Auto-configuration in Spring Boot automatically configures your application based on the dependencies you have added to your project. It reduces the amount of manual configuration required to set up your application.

Spring Data repositories provide a simplified way to access and manipulate data in databases. They abstract away the boilerplate code required for data access and allow you to define data access methods using simple interfaces.

Spring Security is a powerful and highly customizable framework for providing authentication and authorization to Spring-based applications. It offers features like authentication, authorization, access control, and protection against common web vulnerabilities.

Spring Cloud provides tools and libraries for building distributed systems and microservices in the cloud. It addresses common patterns in distributed systems, such as configuration management, service discovery, circuit breaking, and API gateways.

The different types of advice include: Before, After (Finally), After Returning, After Throwing, and Around.

Spring MVC is a module of the Spring Framework that provides a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture for building web applications. It provides a clean separation of concerns and allows for flexible and testable web application development.

The DispatcherServlet is the front controller in Spring MVC. It receives incoming HTTP requests and dispatches them to the appropriate handler (controller) based on the configured mappings. It orchestrates the entire request processing workflow.

A Controller is a component in Spring MVC that handles incoming requests and prepares data to be rendered in the view. It receives user input, interacts with the model, and selects the appropriate view to display.

Spring Boot simplifies the development of Spring-based applications by providing auto-configuration, embedded servers, opinionated defaults, and production-ready features. It reduces boilerplate code and makes it easy to get started with Spring.

The ApplicationContext is a sub-interface of BeanFactory that provides more enterprise-specific functionality, such as message source support, internationalization, event propagation, and application lifecycle management. It is generally preferred over BeanFactory.

BeanFactory is the basic container and provides basic DI features. ApplicationContext is a more advanced container that provides more enterprise-specific features like AOP integration, resource handling, and event propagation.

Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm that enables the modularization of cross-cutting concerns, such as logging, security, and transaction management, by separating them from the core business logic.

Key concepts include: Aspect (a modularization of a cross-cutting concern), Join Point (a point during the execution of a program, such as a method execution), Advice (the action taken by an aspect at a particular join point), Pointcut (an expression that determines which join points the advice should be applied to), and Weaving (the process of linking aspects with other application types or objects to create an advised object).

Dependency Injection is a design pattern where objects are given their dependencies instead of creating them themselves. Springs DI container manages the dependencies of application components, promoting loose coupling and testability.

Inversion of Control is a principle where the control of object creation and dependency management is inverted to the framework. Instead of the application controlling these aspects, the Spring container manages them.

Spring achieves IoC primarily through Dependency Injection (DI). The Spring container injects dependencies into beans either through constructor injection, setter injection, or field injection (though field injection is generally discouraged).

Spring beans can be configured using XML configuration files, annotation-based configuration (@Component, @Service, @Repository, @Controller, etc.), or Java-based configuration (@Configuration, @Bean).

The BeanFactory is the root interface for accessing a Spring container. It provides the basic infrastructure for managing beans, including creating, configuring, and managing bean instances.

Spring Framework is a comprehensive and modular Java application framework that provides infrastructure support for developing Java applications. It offers features like dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, data access, transaction management, and web application development support.

The key modules include: Core Container (Core, Beans, Context, Expression Language), Data Access/Integration (JDBC, ORM, JMS, Transactions), Web (MVC, WebSocket, WebFlux), AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming), and Instrumentation.